Titanium & Titanium Alloys
Titanium Grades, Supply Forms and Machining — From Baoji, China's Titanium Valley
TUOHANG machines titanium in Baoji, the city that produces a large share of the world's titanium mill product. Material comes from the melting, rolling and forging side of our group, so the melt heat is identified before the first cut — and the certificate matches the bar in the machine.
Grades, supply forms, and why the machining is hard. Tell us the grade on the drawing, or the service conditions behind it, and the material side of the group supplies it. Ask about a grade
Titanium is not a difficult material because it is exotic. It is difficult because four of its properties work against the cutting process at the same time — and because the consequences of getting it wrong show up in the part, not in the chip.
Being in Baoji means the melting, forging and machining conversation happens inside one group. It does not make titanium easy; it means the melt route, the forging reduction and the heat treatment are known quantities rather than assumptions behind a mill certificate bought through a broker.
Image: Baoji titanium stockyard — large plates laid out with forklift (Qicheng, Titanium Valley)Machining Reality
Why titanium is hard to machine — and what we do about it
Four properties drive almost every titanium machining decision. Each one has a consequence and a countermeasure, and they are set during process planning rather than discovered at the machine.
| Property | What it does in the cut | How we respond |
|---|---|---|
| Poor thermal conductivity | Heat concentrates at the tool edge; tool wear accelerates; thermal damage to the part surface if parameters are wrong. | Cutting parameters, tool coating and coolant strategy fixed per alloy and per operation; tool life managed by count and changed before the edge degrades, not after. |
| Chemical reactivity | Built-up edge, galling, torn surfaces; tool material unsuitable for titanium fails early. | Tool substrate, coating and geometry selected for titanium specifically; chips cleared and handled as combustible swarf; cutting kept continuous rather than rubbing. |
| Work hardening | Hardened skin on the part surface; rapid tool failure on the following pass; compromised surface integrity. | Constant-engagement tool paths, consistent feed rather than light skimming cuts, and no dwell or re-cutting of finished surfaces. |
| Low modulus / springback | Deflection during cutting, dimensional error on thin walls and blades, chatter on slender features. | Fixturing and support designed for springback, tool paths balanced to equalise load, finishing passes sequenced to release stress evenly, and dimensions verified in the released state. |
| Tool life and cost control | Tool consumption on titanium is high; worn tools silently produce out-of-tolerance parts. | Tool life tracked and enforced per operation; verification built into the cycle rather than left to final inspection. |
Numbers are deliberately absent here. Cutting speeds, feeds, tool life figures and achievable tolerances depend on the alloy, the operation and the machine. We publish them as confirmed values against a specific part when you send the drawing — ask on the RFQ form and you will get the figure and the machine that produces it.
Grade List
ASTM grades GR1–GR12 with their Chinese equivalents
Designations, metallurgical type, the forms we usually hold or source, and where each grade is normally used. Equivalencies are the standard correspondences used in industry; they are not a claim of identical limits, and the standard edition on your drawing governs.
Coming from a Chinese drawing? Jump to the GB designation index ↓
| ASTM grade | GB / Chinese | UNS | EN / DIN | JIS | Type | Typical forms | Typical applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GR1 | TA1 | R50250 | 3.7025 | Class 1 | Commercially pure, lowest strength, highest ductility | Plate, sheet, bar, tube | Formed ducting, chemical process equipment, non-loaded brackets, corrosion-service parts |
| GR2 | TA2 | R50400 | 3.7035 | Class 2 | Commercially pure, the general-purpose CP grade | Plate, sheet, bar, tube, forging stock | Airframe ducting and skins, marine and chemical hardware, general corrosion-service components |
| GR3 | TA3 | R50550 | 3.7055 | Class 3 | Commercially pure, higher strength than GR2 | Plate, bar, tube | Pressure-containing parts and equipment shells where more strength than GR2 is required |
| GR4 | TA4 | R50700 | 3.7065 | Class 4 | Commercially pure, highest strength of the CP grades | Bar, plate, forging stock | Airframe fittings, fastener stock, components needing CP corrosion resistance at higher strength |
| GR5 — Ti-6Al-4V | TC4 | R56400 | 3.7164 / 3.7165 | TAP6400H | Alpha-beta alloy; the aerospace workhorse | Bar, billet, plate, forging stock, shaped preforms | Blisks and impellers, blades and vanes, discs, casings, structural fittings, shafts |
| GR5 ELI — Ti-6Al-4V ELI | TC4 ELI | — | — | — | Alpha-beta, extra-low interstitial; higher fracture toughness and ductility | Forging stock, bar, billet | Damage-tolerant structure, cryogenic service, parts with high toughness requirements |
| GR6 — Ti-5Al-2.5Sn | TA7 | R54520 | 3.7111 | — | Near-alpha alloy with elevated-temperature capability | Bar, plate, forging stock | Elevated-temperature airframe and engine components, weldable assemblies |
| GR7 — Ti-Pd | TA9 | R52400 | — | — | CP titanium with palladium addition for crevice corrosion resistance | Plate, sheet, bar, tube | Chemical process equipment, reducing-acid and chloride service |
| GR9 — Ti-3Al-2.5V | TA18 | R56320 | — | — | Alpha alloy with higher strength than CP grades, cold-formable | Tube, bar, sheet | Hydraulic and pneumatic tubing, aerospace tube assemblies |
| GR11 — Ti-Pd | TA9-1 | R52250 | — | — | CP titanium with palladium addition, lower-Pd variant | Plate, sheet, tube | Corrosion-service equipment where GR7 is specified with a lower palladium level |
| GR12 — Ti-Mo-Ni | TA10 | R53400 | — | — | Near-alpha alloy with improved corrosion resistance and higher strength than CP grades | Plate, sheet, bar, tube | Chemical and marine equipment, heat exchangers, corrosion-service structural parts |
Mill supply list (plate). Grades kept in regular supply at the Qicheng mill: TA series — TA1, TA2, TA3, TA7, TA9, TA10, TA15, TA18, TA23; TB series — TB5, TB6, TB15333, TB9; TC series — TC1, TC2, TC4, TC6, TC9, TC11, TC18, TC21, TC23. Plate thickness 0.5–150 mm against GB/T 3621 and ASTM B265.
| Series / grade | Type | Typical forms | Typical applications |
|---|---|---|---|
| TA series — TA1, TA2, TA3, TA4 | Commercially pure titanium | Plate, sheet, bar, tube, forging stock | Equipment, ducting and structure where corrosion resistance and formability govern |
| TA series — TA7, TA9, TA10, TA18 | Near-alpha and corrosion-resistant alloys | Plate, bar, tube, forging stock | Elevated-temperature parts, chemical and marine service, tubing |
| TC series — TC4, TC4 ELI | Alpha-beta alloys | Bar, billet, plate, forging stock, shaped preforms | Blisks, impellers, blades, discs, structural components — the bulk of our titanium work |
| TC series — TC1, TC2, TC11 and comparable high-temperature alloys | Low-alloy and high-temperature alpha-beta / near-alpha alloys | — confirmed per order | Compressor discs, blades and elevated-temperature rotating parts |
| TB series — metastable beta alloys | Beta and metastable beta alloys, high strength in the heat-treated condition | — confirmed per order | High-strength airframe hardware and spring-type components |
| Other titanium grades on request | Per specification | Sourced to the certification requirements of the order; availability confirmed at RFQ stage |
Reading the designation columns. A cell showing an em dash means no single designation can be stated reliably for that grade — the standard cited on your drawing governs, and we confirm the exact designation at RFQ stage rather than guessing. Where a correspondence is a direct match the table says so; where it is only the nearest commercial equivalent, that is what it says. Numeric limits — interstitial levels, impurity caps, mechanical property minimums — can differ between standards and between editions of the same standard.
Beyond Titanium
Nickel, aluminium and stainless cross-reference
A short supplement covering the grades most often quoted alongside titanium: Inconel 718, aerospace aluminium 7075 and 2024, and stainless 17-4PH and 316L.
| Family | GB (China) | ASTM / UNS / common name | EN / DIN | JIS | Correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nickel-based | GH4169 | Inconel 718 — UNS N07718 | 2.4668 — NiCr19Fe19NbMo | Direct correspondence for GB–ASTM–EN; JIS designation confirmed per order. | |
| Nickel-based | Inconel 625 — UNS N06625 | 2.4856 — NiCr22Mo9Nb | Supplied on request; GB equivalent confirmed against the ordered specification. | ||
| Iron-nickel based | A-286 / Incoloy A-286 — UNS S66286 | 1.4980 — X6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2 | Supplied on request; GB equivalent confirmed against the ordered specification. | ||
| Aluminium | 7A09 — formerly LC9 | 7075 | EN AW-7075 — AlZn5.5MgCu | A7075 | GB listing is the closest commercial equivalent; confirm temper and mechanical limits against the drawing. |
| Aluminium | 2A12 — formerly LY12 | 2024 | EN AW-2024 — AlCu4Mg1 | A2024 | GB listing is the closest commercial equivalent; confirm temper and mechanical limits against the drawing. |
| Aluminium | 6061 | 6061 | EN AW-6061 — AlMg1SiCu | A6061 | Widely used across all four systems; temper governs properties. |
| Stainless — PH | 05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb — formerly 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb | 17-4PH — UNS S17400 | 1.4542 — X5CrNiCuNb16-4 | SUS630 | Direct correspondence across the four systems. |
| Stainless — austenitic | 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 — formerly 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 | 316L — UNS S31603 | 1.4404 — X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | SUS316L | Direct correspondence across the four systems. |
| Stainless — austenitic | 06Cr19Ni10 — formerly 0Cr18Ni9 | 304 — UNS S30400 | 1.4301 — X5CrNi18-10 | SUS304 | Direct correspondence across the four systems. |
Reference data
Chemical composition of titanium grades (maximum, wt%; balance titanium)
Maximum permitted contents from the ASTM specifications for bar, billet, plate, sheet and strip (B348 / B265). They are reference limits, not a mill-certificate analysis for a specific heat. A dash means the element is not a controlled addition for that grade.
| Grade | C | O | N | H | Fe | Al | V | Pd | Mo | Ni | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gr1 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.03 | 0.015 | 0.20 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.1 / 0.4 |
| Gr2 | 0.08 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.015 | 0.30 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.1 / 0.4 |
| Gr3 | 0.08 | 0.35 | 0.05 | 0.015 | 0.30 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.1 / 0.4 |
| Gr4 | 0.08 | 0.40 | 0.05 | 0.015 | 0.50 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.1 / 0.4 |
| Gr5 | 0.08 | 0.20 | 0.05 | 0.015 | 0.40 | 5.5–6.75 | 3.5–4.5 | — | — | — | 0.1 / 0.4 |
| Gr7 | 0.08 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.015 | 0.30 | — | — | 0.12–0.25 | — | — | 0.1 / 0.4 |
| Gr9 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.015 | 0.25 | 2.5–3.5 | 2.0–3.0 | — | — | — | 0.1 / 0.4 |
| Gr12 | 0.08 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.015 | 0.30 | — | — | — | 0.2–0.4 | 0.6–0.9 | 0.1 / 0.4 |
| Gr23 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.012 | 0.25 | 5.5–6.5 | 3.5–4.5 | — | — | — | 0.1 / 0.4 |
Reference data
Mechanical properties of titanium grades (annealed, minimum)
Minimum tensile and yield strength and minimum elongation in 4D, per the annealed condition of ASTM B348 / B265 (Gr23 per ASTM F136 / B348). Actual mill values meet or exceed these; the certificate for your heat states the measured figures.
| Grade | Tensile strength, min (MPa) | Yield strength, min (MPa) | Elongation in 4D, min (%) | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gr1 | 240 | 138 | 24 | ASTM B348 / B265 |
| Gr2 | 345 | 275 | 20 | ASTM B348 / B265 |
| Gr3 | 450 | 380 | 18 | ASTM B348 / B265 |
| Gr4 | 550 | 483 | 15 | ASTM B348 / B265 |
| Gr5 | 895 | 828 | 10 | ASTM B348 / B265 |
| Gr7 | 345 | 275 | 20 | ASTM B348 / B265 |
| Gr9 | 620 | 483 | 15 | ASTM B348 / B265 |
| Gr12 | 483 | 345 | 18 | ASTM B348 / B265 |
| Gr23 | 828 | 759 | 10 | ASTM F136 / B348 |
GB Designation Index
The Chinese GB grades, indexed the other way round
The table above starts from the ASTM grade. This one starts from the designation a drawing from a Chinese OEM actually carries — 62 grades across the TA, TB and TC series, with nominal composition, the nearest ASTM and GOST designation, the forms we normally supply, and the GB property values for the designation. 16 of them have a published ASTM equivalent and 19 have a GOST equivalent.
| GB designation | Family | Nominal composition | Nearest ASTM | GOST | Typical forms | Tensile strength (MPa) | Density (g/cm³) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TA1 (ELI) | Commercially pure | Ti | GR1 | BT1-00 | — | — | — |
| TA2 (ELI) | Commercially pure | Ti | GR2 | BT1-0 | plate, bar, tube, wire, elbows, screws | ≥400 | 4.51 |
| TA3 (ELI) | Commercially pure | Ti | GR3 | BT1-0 | plate, bar, tube, wire | ≥500 | 4.51 |
| TA4 (ELI) | Commercially pure | Ti | GR4 | BT1-0 | plate, bar, tube, wire | ≥580 | 4.51 |
| TA5 | Alpha | Ti-4Al-0.005B | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, alloy welding wire | ≥680 | 4.43 |
| TA6 | Alpha | Ti-5Al | — | BT5 | plate, bar, tube, wire, alloy welding wire | 685–850 | 4.4 |
| TA7 (ELI) | Alpha | Ti-5Al-2.5Sn | GR6 | BT5-1 | plate, bar, tube, wire, alloy welding wire | ≥785 | 4.42 |
| TA8 (TA8-1) | Alpha | Ti-0.05Pd | GR16 / GR17 | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, alloy welding wire | ≥400 | 4.56 |
| TA9 (TA9-1) | Alpha | Ti-0.2Pd | GR7 / GR11 | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, alloy welding wire | ≥400 | 4.52 |
| TA10 | Near-alpha | Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni | GR12 | — | plate, bar, tube, welding wire, woven mesh & wire | ≥485 | 4.54 |
| TA11 | Near-alpha | Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, forgings | ≥895 | 4.37 |
| TA12 (TA12-1) | Near-alpha | Ti-5.5Al-4Sn-2Zr-1Mo-1Nd-0.25Si | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, foil, forgings | ≥980 | 4.43 |
| TA13 | Near-alpha | Ti-2.5Cu | — | — | plate, bar, wire, forgings, ring-rolled rings | 540–770 | 4.56 |
| TA14 | Alpha-beta | Ti-2.3Al-11Sn-5Zr-1Mo-0.2Si | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | — | 4.51 |
| TA15 | Near-alpha | Ti-6.5Al-1Mo-1V-2Zr (-0.15Si) | — | BT20 | sheet, plate, rolled bar, forged bar, die forgings, extruded profiles | ≥930 | 4.45 |
| TA15-1 | Near-alpha | Ti-2.5Al-1Mo-1V-1.5Zr | — | — | As TA15 | ≥930 | 4.45 |
| TA15-2 | Near-alpha | Ti-4Al-1Mo-1V-1.5Zr | — | — | As TA15 | ≥930 | 4.45 |
| TA16 | Near-alpha | Ti-2Al-2.5Zr | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | ≥470 | 4.49 |
| TA17 | Near-alpha | Ti-2Al-2V | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | 685–835 | 4.48 |
| TA18 | Near-alpha | Ti-3Al-2.5V | GR9 | OT4-1B | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | ≥620 | 4.47 |
| TA19 | Near-alpha | Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, forgings, castings | ≥930 | 4.53 |
| TA20 | Alpha-beta | Ti-4Al-3V-1.5Zr | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | — | — |
| TA21 | Near-alpha | Ti-1Al-1Mn | — | OT4-0 | plate, bar, tube, wire | ≥490 | 4.51 |
| TA22 (TA22-1) | Near-alpha | Ti-3Al-1Mo-1Ni-1Zr | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, forgings, castings | 640 | 4.5 |
| TA23 | Near-alpha | Ti-2.5Al-2Zr-1Fe | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, forgings, castings | — | 4.5 |
| TA24 (TA24-1) | Near-alpha | Ti-3Al-2Mo-2Zr | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, forgings, castings | 730 | 4.53 |
| TA25 | Alpha-beta | Ti-3Al-2.5V-0.05Pd | GR18 | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, forgings, made to order | — | — |
| TA26 | Alpha-beta | Ti-3Al-2.5V-0.1Ru | GR26 / GR27 | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, forgings, made to order | — | — |
| TA27 (TA27-1) | Alpha | Ti-0.10Ru | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, alloy welding wire | — | — |
| TA28 | Alpha-beta | Ti-3Al | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, forgings, foil | — | — |
| TB2 | Metastable beta | Ti-5Mo-5V-8Cr-3Al | — | — | plate, bar, wire, strip, foil | ≥1100 | 4.83 |
| TB3 | Metastable beta | Ti-3.5Al-10Mo-8V-1Fe | — | ≈BT32 | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | ≥1100 | 4.84 |
| TB4 | Beta | Ti-4Al-7Mo-10V-2Fe-1Zr | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | — | — |
| TB5 | Metastable beta | Ti-15V-3Al-3Cr-3Sn | — | — | sheet, bar, tube, wire, strip | ≥1080 | 4.77 |
| TB6 | Metastable beta | Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, forgings, profiles | ≥1105 | 4.62 |
| TB7 | Beta | Ti-32Mo | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | ≥800 | 5.58 |
| TB8 | Metastable beta | Ti-15Mo-3Al-2.7Nb-0.25Si | GR21 | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | ≥1200 | 4.93 |
| TB9 | Metastable beta | Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr (-0.06Pd) | GR19 / GR20 | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | ≥1140 | 4.82 |
| TB10 | Metastable beta | Ti-5Mo-5V-2Cr-3Al | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | ≥1100 | 4.8 |
| TB11 | Beta | Ti-15Mo | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip | — | — |
| TC1 | Alpha-beta | Ti-2Al-1.5Mn | — | OT4-1 | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | ≥590 | 4.55 |
| TC2 | Alpha-beta | Ti-4Al-1.5Mn | — | OT4 | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | ≥685 | 4.55 |
| TC3 | Alpha-beta | Ti-5Al-4V | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | 880–1080 | — |
| TC4 (TC4ELI) | Alpha-beta | Ti-6Al-4V | GR5 / GR23 | BT6 / BT6C | plate, bar, tube, wire, forgings, profiles | ≥895 | 4.44 |
| TC6 | Alpha-beta | Ti-6Al-1.5Cr-2.5Mo-0.5Fe-0.3Si | — | BT3-1 | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | ≥980 | 4.5 |
| TC8 | Alpha-beta | Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-0.25Si | — | ≈BT8 | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | — | 4.48 |
| TC9 | Alpha-beta | Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-2.5Sn-0.3Si | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, forgings, castings | — | 4.52 |
| TC10 | Alpha-beta | Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn-0.5Cu-0.5Fe | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | — | 4.53 |
| TC11 | Alpha-beta | Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si | — | ≈BT9 | plate, bar, tube, wire, forgings, castings | ≥1030 | 4.48 |
| TC12 | Alpha-beta | Ti-5Al-4Mo-4Cr-2Zr-2Sn-1Nb | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, forgings, castings | — | — |
| TC15 | Alpha-beta | Ti-5Al-2.5Fe | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | — | — |
| TC16 | Alpha-beta | Ti-3Al-5Mo-4.5V | — | BT16 | plate, bar, hex bar, tube, wire, forgings | ≥1030 | 4.68 |
| TC17 | Alpha-beta | Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | ≥1120 | 4.65 |
| TC18 | Alpha-beta | Ti-5Al-4.75Mo-4.75V-1Cr-1Fe | — | ≈BT22 | plate, bar, tube, wire, forgings, extruded profiles | ≥1080 (annealed) | 4.62 |
| TC19 | Alpha-beta | Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | 1170 | 4.65 |
| TC20 | Alpha-beta | Ti-6Al-7Nb | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, forgings | ≥980 | 4.54 |
| TC21 | Alpha-beta | Ti-6Al-2Mo-1.5Cr-2Zr-2Sn-2Nb | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, forgings, rings | ≥1100 | 4.62 |
| TC22 | Alpha-beta | Ti-6Al-4V-0.05Pd | GR24 | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, forgings, foil | — | — |
| TC23 | Alpha-beta | Ti-6Al-4V-0.1Ru | GR29 | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | — | — |
| TC24 | Alpha-beta | Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | — | — |
| TC25 | Alpha-beta | Ti-6.5Al-2Mo-1Zr-1Sn-1W-0.2Si | — | ≈BT8-1 | plate, bar, tube, wire, forgings, castings | — | 4.49 |
| TC26 | Metastable beta | Ti-13Nb-13Zr | — | — | plate, bar, tube, wire, strip, forgings | — | — |
Read the equivalents as equivalents, not as identities. The ASTM and GOST columns give the closest correspondence in common industrial use; they are not a claim of identical chemistry or identical property limits, and the standard edition named on your drawing governs. Tensile strength and density are published values for the GB designation, not test results — the certificate for your heat states the measured figures. A dash means the source data does not state a value for that grade; the ASTM table above covers the GR series in full. A GOST designation prefixed ≈ is the nearest equivalent rather than an exact counterpart.
Supply Forms
Forms and size ranges
Titanium is supplied as plate, sheet, bar, billet, tube, wire, forgings and shaped preforms — plus clad, mesh and sintered porous products. Large-format plate up to 2000 × 6000 mm is a standing capability (1250 mm and 1500 mm widths also produced), sourced through qualified domestic rolling mills. The ranges listed below are the standard ranges for these product forms across the titanium mill-product industry; the range actually available for your order is confirmed against current mill data and stated in writing at quotation.
| Form | Typical size range (titanium) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Plate — hot rolled | Up to 2000 × 6000 mm plan size (1250 / 1500 mm widths); thickness 4.8 – 150 mm | Large-format plate up to 2000 × 6000 mm is a standing capability, sourced through qualified domestic rolling mills. Available with bright, pickled or sandblasted finish. |
| Plate — surface finishes | Bright · pickled · sandblasted | Finish is specified on the order. Bright for cosmetic and precision work, pickled for descaled mill finish, sandblasted where a uniform matte surface is required. |
| Sheet | 0.3 – 4.75 mm thick; standard sizes 1000 × 2000 and 1220 × 2440 mm | Thin-gauge sheet for formed, clad and non-structural parts. |
| Round bar | 3 – 300 mm diameter — hot rolled, cold drawn, turned or ground; lengths 1 – 6 m | Supplied through the full bar route — hot forged blank, precision forged billet, hot rolled, cold rolled and ground. The usual start for shafts, discs and blisk blanks. |
| Bar — flat / strip / profile | Flat bar to 200 mm wide and 100 mm thick; strip in coil from 0.3 mm; extruded profiles to drawing | Flat bar and strip in titanium for brackets, stiffeners and machined plate details. |
| Billet & rectangular bar | Billet 90 – 300 mm diameter or square, cut to length; larger sections by agreement | Used where the part envelope suits a rectangular start; reduction and grain flow recorded. |
| Forgings & forging stock | Open-die and closed-die forgings; ring-rolled sections to 2000 mm outside diameter; stepped and upset preforms to drawing | Open-die and closed-die routes, from hot forged blank through precision forged billet. Discs, rings, blocks and stepped preforms for rotating parts. |
| Tube & pipe | Seamless OD 6 – 114 mm × wall 0.5 – 12 mm; welded to 324 mm OD; lengths to 12 m | Seamless and welded tube for ducting, heat exchange and hydraulic lines. |
| Wire | 0.1 – 6 mm diameter, in coil or on spool; straightened and cut to length on request | Coil and straightened wire for fasteners, springs, welding feedstock and mesh weaving. |
| Mesh & sintered porous products | Woven mesh 4 – 200 mesh with 0.03 – 2.0 mm wire, width to 2000 mm; sintered porous sheet 1 – 5 mm thick | Woven titanium mesh and sintered porous elements for filtration, chemical processing and electrode applications. |
| Pipe fittings & elbows | Elbows and formed fittings made to drawing, matched to tube OD 15 – 324 mm | Elbows and formed pipe fittings to drawing, for chemical and marine process lines. |
| Clad and composite products | Titanium-clad copper · titanium-clad aluminium | Bimetallic bar and transition stock combining titanium's corrosion resistance with copper or aluminium conductivity — used for electrodes, busbars and electrolytic duty. |
| Cut-to-length & cut pieces | Any form above cut to size — plate and sheet blanks, bar cut to length, billet sawn to length | Stock cut to your size before despatch — useful for prototypes, small batches and replacement parts where full mill lengths are uneconomic. |
| Shaped & near-net preforms | Near-net shapes made to drawing; cuts buy-to-fly on large and thin-wall parts | Reduces machining time and buy-to-fly on expensive alloys; assessed per part. |
Plate (large sheets stacked / shop stock)
Titanium bar (end-labelled, on blue cloth)
Titanium tube (strapped bundles)
Titanium foil / strip coil (uncoiling line)
Titanium forgings (ring / sleeve finished parts)
Titanium warehouse (bar racking · stock area)The bar and forging route, end to end
Bar and forging stock is produced through the full reduction route rather than bought in at a single stage, so the processing history of the material you receive is known — not reconstructed from a reseller's paperwork.
- Hot forged blank — ingot breakdown; as-cast structure refined by hot work.
- Precision forged billet — controlled reduction to closer size before rolling.
- Hot rolled bar — the general-purpose supply condition for most machining stock.
- Cold rolled bar — tighter dimensional tolerance and improved surface finish.
- Ground bar — final size and surface for precision and rotating-part work.
Where the sponge comes from. Titanium sponge is purchased from qualified domestic producers under incoming inspection, and the melt source is recorded in the batch record — which is what allows a finished part to resolve back to a melt heat number.
Also supplied. The material business extends beyond titanium — copper and copper-alloy bar is among the products supplied. If you are buying titanium and copper on the same order, ask.
Condition and heat treatment. Material condition — annealed, solution-treated and aged, stress-relieved, or as-forged — is specified on your drawing and confirmed on the certificate. If the drawing is silent on condition, we ask before quoting rather than assume.
Customer-free-issued material. We machine material you supply if you prefer to control the mill source. In that case the incoming certificate is received, logged and verified against the heat number before the stock is released, and traceability continues from your certificate rather than from ours.
From the Material Yard
Raw material and semi-finished forms from Qicheng
Photographed in the Qicheng yard and forge shop in Baoji — the forms that enter the machine, and the ones supplied on their own. Copper is included because the material business extends beyond titanium.
Who Qicheng is. Baoji Qicheng Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd. (宝鸡启成有色金属有限公司) is the upstream company of our group — the melting, rolling and forging side, while Baoji Tuohang Precision Manufacturing machines and inspects the parts made from that material. Two legal entities, one group: the mill product shown below comes from the same group source that feeds our own machine floor.
Why it matters to a buyer. Because the material route sits inside the group, the processing history behind a batch is known at first hand rather than reconstructed from a reseller's paperwork — which is what makes melt-to-part traceability resolvable rather than merely claimed. Certification is issued by the material manufacturer and travels with the batch, exactly as it does for material machined by us.
Titanium plate (stacked rolled sheet)
Titanium bar (round, bright surface)
Titanium foil / strip coils (small coils, wooden-box packed)
Titanium-clad copper (composite rod / tube / busbar)
Titanium square bar / billets
Titanium hexagonal bar
Titanium forgings (annular, hot from the press)
Titanium elbows (pipe fittings)Certification & Traceability
What comes with the material
Certification and traceability are the reason a titanium supplier is audited rather than just compared on price. This is what we provide, and what it lets you do at incoming inspection. For trade terms, loading ports, packing and container loading, see commercial terms.
- EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate. Issued by the material manufacturer and validated by the manufacturer's authorised inspection representative independent of production. Results of the specific tests on the delivered batch.
- EN 10204 3.2 inspection certificate. The same specific test results, additionally validated by your representative or a nominated third party. Requires witness testing to be scheduled before the batch is released — state it at RFQ stage.
- Chemistry and mechanical properties. Reported against the material standard cited on the drawing, traceable to the melt heat number.
- Non-destructive testing. UT, PT and RT as specified on the drawing, to the acceptance class it calls out.
- Heat treatment records. Where heat treatment is part of the supply route, the condition and the record accompany the batch.
- Melt-to-part traceability. Finished part number resolves back through the batch to the melt heat number — see the traceability example.
One certificate, one heat, one batch. We do not consolidate heats or back-fill certification for material whose origin is unclear. If a heat number cannot be evidenced, the material does not enter an aerospace order.
FAQ
Titanium questions buyers actually ask
Can I buy material from you without machining?
Yes. Mill product is supplied with the same certification as material used on our own orders. Tell us the grade, the standard edition, the form and size, and whether you need 3.1 or 3.2.
Do you machine titanium we supply ourselves?
Yes. Free-issued material is received, identified and checked against its incoming certificate before release to the machine floor. Traceability then runs from your certificate and heat number.
GR5 or GR5 ELI — which do I need?
ELI (extra-low interstitial) offers higher ductility and fracture toughness and is used for damage-tolerant and cryogenic applications; standard GR5 is the general-purpose choice. The right answer is on your drawing — if it is not specified, we will ask rather than substitute.
Can you source to an EN or JIS designation instead of GB or ASTM?
Yes, provided we confirm the standard edition and the exact limits at RFQ stage. Use the equivalency table to identify the corresponding designation, then let us confirm it against the specification before ordering.
What is the minimum order quantity?
— minimum order quantity depends on form, grade and mill schedule. Prototype and one-off parts are accepted; ask with the drawing attached.
What lead time should I plan for?
— lead time depends on whether stock is held, whether the melt route has to be scheduled, and on the machining content. We quote a specific date against the drawing rather than a generic range.
Do you publish cutting data or achievable tolerances for titanium?
Not as generic figures. Parameters, tool life and achievable tolerances are meaningful only against a specific alloy, operation and machine, so we state them in the quotation for your part.
Send the titanium grade and the drawing
We will confirm grade availability, supply form, certification type and the machining route — and tell you honestly if the part or the grade sits outside what we can support.